I only know Dungeon World by reputation. Are these "GM moves" available to players too?

No; GM moves are different from player moves.  

I honestly wouldn't try copying Dungeon World directly because it does things differently enough from the approach you're taking that it would require more homebrewing than it's worth.  I just meant that the underlying concept is useful: a failed combat roll can cause a condition, one of which is "take damage".

Out-of-the-box trolls are iconic, but they're also really predictable, so you gotta mix things up.

First, skrags are far more dangerous than conventional trolls by virtue of breathing underwater. In my campaigns back in the day, it was skrags who lived under bridges, down in the reedy stream - grapple an adventurer, drag her in the water, and hilarity ensues.

Second, change up the vulnerabilities. Trolls who are injured by salt or iron filings instead of fire and acid appeared in campaigns I ran.

This raises an interesting question: how much can you change a troll before it is no longer recognizably a troll?

If I defined a troll as, for example, a human from a different dimension with grey skin, candy-corn horns, the occasional psionic ability, a caste system based on blood color, and a bizarre reproductive system, is it still a troll?

Um, hi.  I was accused of being a troll in the first thread I made here, and I thought, "well, if you're going to do a thing, do it right."  So here's my attempt.

You have several personal qualities that aren't as good as you think they are.  Additionally, the games that you like are stupid and vastly inferior to the games I like, for incredibly arbitrary reasons.  I shall now proceed to disagree with you over the definition of a term you used WITHOUT ever stopping to define what I mean by the term or what you mean by the term, leading to endless debates.  Also, your personal hygiene leaves something to be desired.  I shall now use a derogatory term to accuse you of being part of a social group that I perceive to have low value.

So... how'd I do?

Oh!  Also the PDQ system.  

I heard Heroquest does something similar, but I'm not as familiar with it.

FYI, Over the Edge has an Open Game Content version of the rules, stripped of setting, called WaRP.

Edit: Also, "FU".  The system, not the... yeah...

A year ago I wrote a guide to converting Fate characters to Fudge, based on the Fate Core SRD.  Here's the current version.

**Skills**

Fate skill -> Fudge skill or attribute
Mediocre (+0) -> Mediocre (-1)
Average (+1) -> Fair (0)
Fair (+2) -> Good (+1)
Good (+3) -> Great (+2)
Great (+4) -> Superb (+3)

**Stunts**

"Adding a New Action to a Skill" and "Creating a Rules Exception" stunts are converted to Gifts or just ignored.  A "backstab" stunt that allows you to use Stealth to make a physical attack might become a Gift that does the same, or it might be ignored for being irrelevant to Fudge rules.

"Adding a Bonus to an action" stunts just become skills.  The new skill is the base skill plus one level on the Fudge ladder.  No skill can go above Superb at character creation.

**Character Aspects**  

High Concepts generally translate to Skills and Attributes.  Troubles generally translate to Faults.  Regular aspects generally translate to a combination of traits, both good (Gifts and skills/attributes Good and above) and bad (Faults and skills/attributes Mediocre and below).

Sample conversions:  
Aspect: "The Princess' Favored Student" -> Gift: Social Contact (Princess), Gift: "Princess' Favor", Fault: "Treated poorly by her classmates", Fault: "Politicians want to use her"  
Aspect: "Arrogant Kung Fu Guy" -> Skill: Great Kung Fu, Fault: Overconfidence  
Aspect: "Ivory Tower" -> Attribute: Great Intelligence, Skill: Poor Social Skills  
Aspect: "Trained by Montcharles" -> Skill: Great Fencing, Fault: "Targetted by Montcharles' enemies"  
High Concept: "Dashing Space Smuggler" -> Attribute: Good Charisma, Skill: Great Smuggling  
Trouble: "Jabba Wants His Money" -> Fault: "Jabba Wants His Money"  

**Other Points of Conversion**

Combat and task resolution use Fudge rules, The Fate ladder becomes the Fudge ladder, stress tracks are converted to Wound Tracks, Refresh stays the same, Fate Points become Fudge Points, and all bonuses and penalties are divided by two.

Pointcrawl is an interesting approach that I haven't seen done in practice. On one hand, I suppose it makes games more manageable by steering the players into a controlled set of options. On the other hand, some of the best adventures I've seen are ones where the players take things in a totally unanticipated direction, requiring the game controller person (seriously, what's the nomenclature here?) to improvise, and a good traditional map can be a useful aid in such cases.

The term is Game Master (GM), though if you're playing D&D you can also use the term Dungeon Master (DM).

I don't think it's any harder to improvise with a pointcrawl map than it is with a traditional map. In some ways, it can be even easier with a pointcrawl.  For example, your players go, "let's poison the goblin horde.  Where do they keep their food?" but you didn't have such a room on the map. With traditional mapping techniques it can be very difficult to add a new room.  In a best-case scenario you can grab an existing room and repurpose it for your needs, but that won't always be an option.  With pointcrawl maps you can just add an extra node and connect it wherever it would be appropriate.

I haven't played 40K myself, but in The All Guardsmen Party warp travel is safe unless you happen to be stuck on the Occurrence Border, a ship that's described as having more in common with a warp-tainted space hulk than a proper vessel.  On their first ride somebody explosively sabotaged most of the Gellar Field generators* and the party had to make their way through a ship that was slowly falling into the warp to scavenge enough parts to allow the ship to re-enter realspace.

Even after all that was resolved, minor warpy shenanigans still occurred somewhat regularly.  As a side-effect of this, A) the party just isn't phased by minor warp phenomena any more, and B) they prefer to set up their bunks right next to the Gellar Field generator of any ship they travel in.

So, warp travel is mostly fine, unless you're a rather unlucky PC and the GM wants to make things interesting.

*Yes, generators, plural.

From the story:  

On the list of incredibly horrible things that can go wrong during warp transit “Gellar Field Failure” is pretty much at the top. The Gellar Field Generator is literally the “anti-getting devoured by daemonic horrors” device; it is rather important that it keeps performing that function at all times while travelling through the warp.

The squad kitted up while Sarge commed Jim and asked nicely if he’d heard about anything about problems with the Gellar Field. We all watched as Sarge’s face started turning white, then red, then purple. We bailed out of the room just ahead of the explosion of rage and even through the sealed hatch we heard Sarge taking out a lot of frustration on poor Jim. The high points included:

>“WHAT DO YOU MEAN WHICH ONE?”
>“WHY ARE THERE SIX?”
>“WHO IN THEIR RIGHT MIND WOULD INSTALL A DAMAGED GELLAR FIELD GENERATOR?”
>”WHO IN THEIR RIGHT MIND WOULD INSTALL SIX DAMAGED GELLAR FIELD GENERATORS?”
>”NO, THERE IS NOT A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DAMAGED AND REFURBISHED!”