Quite a lot of higher animal behavior despite the concept of 'instinct' is learned.
IN my limited understanding most mammals learn from parents, most fish do not. IT is not to say that fish can't recognize triggers to events. A fish hooked by a fisherman may learn to be a bit more wary, for if it doesn't it becomes food. Mammal parents with the longer gestation times, and usually long care cycled are based on learning. However, not ALL work that way.
The nature vs nurture concept is a heavily debated topic though. So your mileage will vary.
Most animals fight for survival, iit is in many ways not going to be a pretty fight no matter who is on a given end. Of course usually any fights are one sided with a focus on the predator. Prey species tend to survive by numbers and speed, not combat ability. Of course a lot depends on the animal, its environment, and its exposure to various things. Raccons for example are smart little animals for a scavenger, except of course a shiny thing can capture them cold--they simply DO not give up, even to the detriment of their own lives most of the time. Probably tied to its food at one time (shiny-fish.)
If you need something more specific, you'd probably have to research the specific animal. All the broad brush things one can say don't often apply when you get down to a specific species. Example: Birds are pretty lacking in learned behavior sets. Yet parrots and close relatives actually have been proven to be able to learn human taught behaviors, and actually make some conceptual leaps. Many dismiss this as just more reward response behaviors, yet being able to generally reach as far as they do is a pretty big leap even if it is tied to reward behavior.
Personal observation: Dogs can be smarter than we think. My dog learned early on that the bowl which food was put into wasn't just a spot on the ground to eat, but an actual container. She first demonstrated this behavior by bringing the bowl to the dinner table and setting it on the tabletop waiting for her portion. She was never shown this, never taught or given a reward for doing this--in fact it was discouraged.
Even stranger still, when the bowl wasn't good enough she would bring a toy, a bone, some other object after leaving the bowl on the table and give it to the person she thought most likely to give her food. She'd drop it in their lap and then poke her nose in the bowl to see if her 'treat' had bartered her some food. Now she's quite strange, and sometimes not all that bright, but she has the ability to make pretty substantial connections between A and B for a dog. (I've owned many dogs over my lifetime, and she's the first to try and barter for food, try and open a door by the door knob, and so on.)